447 Academic Words List - From H to I

Danh mục 447 từ vựng thường gặp trong viết báo: 

Ký tự từ H đến I

1.         hierarchy
a series of ordered groupings within a system
Hyenas live in huge social groups called clans that are structured by a “linear dominance hierarchy.”
— Scientific American (Nov 29, 2012)
2.         highlight
move into the foreground to make more visible or prominent
One particularly striking finding in their analysis highlights the power that comes with drawing the maps.
— New York Times (Dec 14, 2012)
3.         hypothesis
a proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations
His hypothesis was neglected for many years because the methodology for detecting such chemical factors in the living embryo was not yet available.
— Scientific American (Jan 3, 2013)
4.         identical
being the exact same one
The previous models had identical designs that made it easier for bump drafting because the front and rear bumpers lined up squarely.
— New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)
5.         identify
give the name or characteristics of
The spokeswoman declined to be identified by name, citing company policy.
— New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)
6.         ideology
an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group
Unfortunately, some United States officials are so captured or captivated by the ideology of modern banking that they want to play along.
— New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)
7.         ignorance
the lack of knowledge or education
One thing I felt keenly while reading was the ignorance of even great minds, based on when they lived in history.
— New York Times (Jun 6, 2012)
8.         illustrate
depict with a visual representation
Investigators have so far not linked any historical pipeline problems to malicious cyberactivity, but software malfunctions have illustrated the potential threat.
— New York Times (Jan 10, 2013)
9.         image
a visual representation produced on a surface
Images of a hang glider soaring through the Grand Canyon were offset by reports of dozens of pilots dying each year in accidents.
— New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)
10.      immigrate
come into a new country and change residency
When Mr. Salomon was 19, he immigrated to the United States; his father worked in a factory in New York City.
— New York Times (Dec 5, 2012)
11.      impact
have an effect upon
Whatever the economic impact of low interest rates, they seem to be helping corporate America.
— New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)
12.      implement
apply in a manner consistent with its purpose or design
The big idea: Many business leaders struggle with implementing strategic change.
— Washington Post (Jan 5, 2013)
13.      implicate
bring into intimate and incriminating connection
The cases involving big banks, he said, lacked sufficient evidenceimplicating C.E.Os.
— New York Times (Jan 9, 2013)
14.      implicit
suggested though not directly expressed
But he said there was an implicit understanding that high-ranking officials were off limits.
— New York Times (Dec 25, 2012)
15.      imply
express or state indirectly
Foreign exchange reserves have remained largely static for 18 months,implying that the Chinese central bank has made no major intervention in the currency.
— New York Times (Nov 6, 2012)
16.      impose
compel to behave in a certain way
Similar restrictions have been imposed by the United Kingdom, Chile and Brazil.
— New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)
17.      incentive
a positive motivational influence
But using generous economic incentives and relying on conventions has been called an outdated economic strategy.
— New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)
18.      incidence
the relative frequency of occurrence of something
“The incidences are higher and it’s more threatening,” he said.
— New York Times (Jun 28, 2012)
19.      incline
lower or bend, as in a nod or bow
Corporations are generally inclined to settle potential cases because even being indicted can cripple business.
— New York Times (Nov 14, 2012)
20.      income
the financial gain accruing over a given period of time
Even if income tax rates are higher later, I think the tax deferral” makes up for that increase.
— New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)
21.      incorporate
unite or merge with something already in existence
Clinton said he incorporated both of Obama’s suggestions — “He was right!” exclaimed the former president.
— Washington Post (Sep 12, 2012)
22.      indicate
designate a place, direction, person, or thing
Instead, he indicated he might have some inside information on who will be.
— Chicago Tribune (Jan 11, 2013)
23.      individual
being or characteristic of a single thing or person
“Everybody needs to put individual thoughts behind them,” Smith said.
— New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)
24.      induce
cause to act in a specified manner
Ms. Ortega was not in a medically induced coma.
— New York Times (Oct 27, 2012)
25.      inevitable
incapable of being avoided or prevented
But, he said, “In time, as society becomes more comfortable and legal concerns are ironed out, full autonomy will become practical, inevitableand necessary.”
— New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)
26.      infer
conclude by reasoning
From this they inferred that infants comprehend the cartoon character’s perspective, Dr. Endress said.
— New York Times (Jan 3, 2011)
27.      infrastructure
the basic features of a system or organization
Mongolia’s vast grasslands have long attracted adventure travelers, particularly those willing to go on horseback, but a limited tourisminfrastructure has kept numbers low.
— New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)
28.      inherent
existing as an essential constituent or characteristic
But all predictions based on computer projections have inherentuncertainties.
— New York Times (Nov 13, 2012)
29.      inhibit
limit the range or extent of
However, she said that the respondents might have been inhibited in answering because their interviews were carried out in front of other family members.
— New York Times (Jan 2, 2013)
30.      initial
occurring at the beginning
In fact, Emery still has initial interviews scheduled.
— Chicago Tribune (Jan 11, 2013)
31.      initiate
set in motion, start an event or prepare the way for
In the last half-dozen presidential campaigns, the news media have attempted to bring more accountability by initiating ad watches and fact checks.
— New York Times (Oct 14, 2012)
32.      injure
cause damage or affect negatively
Players saw Smith benched two months ago because he admitted he wasinjured.
— Washington Post (Jan 14, 2013)
33.      innovate
bring something new to an environment
They are really looking for someone to innovate in nutrition and hunger solutions.
— Washington Post (Nov 25, 2012)
34.      insert
put or introduce into something
He said he tried unsuccessfully to insert renovations into Lincoln Center’s master plan, “but basically the program was over.”
— New York Times (Dec 5, 2012)
35.      insight
clear or deep perception of a situation
But he found that being calm, clear and compassionate gave him betterinsights and better timing.
— New York Times (Jan 5, 2013)
36.      inspect
look over carefully
Accredited outside auditors inspected the factory on Walmart’s behalf at least twice in 2011, he said.
— New York Times (Dec 6, 2012)
37.      instance
an item of information that is typical of a class or group
Research has found, for instance, that Indian mothers tend to breast-feed boys longer than they do girls, Ms. Anderson said.
— New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)
38.      institute
set up or lay the groundwork for
The Electric Power Research Institute has some advice, none of it encouraging.
— New York Times (Jan 9, 2013)
There is an additional meaning of "institute" not raised in vocabulary.com, that is, to implement.
39.      instruct
impart skills or knowledge to
He is not technically an assistant coach, but he helps instruct the quarterbacks.
— New York Times (Nov 7, 2012)
40.      integral
existing as an essential constituent or characteristic
As this season has gone on, it has become more integral in Seattle's offense.
— New York Times (Jan 2, 2013)
41.      integrate
make into a whole or make part of a whole
This mission is complicated by the fact that Moscow’s ruling class is, in fact, already deeply integrated into Western Europe.
— New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)
42.      integrity
an undivided or unbroken completeness with nothing wanting
Engineers determined that weaker ones were originally installed, raising concerns about the structure’s integrity.
— New York Times (Jan 1, 2013)
43.      intelligence
the ability to comprehend
He also noted that to carry out commando raids, the American military needs bases, an intelligence network and arrangements for medical evacuation.
— New York Times (Jan 8, 2013)
44.      intense
extremely sharp
“Currently in China people are unusually sensitive to developments like this, and so the reaction has been quite intense,” Mr. Zhan said.
— New York Times (Jan 6, 2013)
45.      interact
do something together or with others
He clearly enjoyed interacting with sports fans of Chicago he respects.
— Chicago Tribune (Dec 17, 2012)
46.      intermediate
around the middle of a scale of evaluation
Has also assumed a bigger role in the passing game, primarily at theintermediate levels.
— New York Times (Nov 7, 2012)
47.      internal
located inward
The Internal Revenue Service issued guidance to employers to increase withholding from paychecks beginning Tuesday to match new tax rates at every income level.
— New York Times (Jan 1, 2013)
48.      interpret
make sense of; assign a meaning to
But people do interpret and observe religion differently and, as Celtics Coach Doc Rivers noted, a fair number of folks “do work on Christmas.”
— New York Times (Dec 26, 2012)
49.      interval
the distance between things
Players who sustained head injuries also received scans at three intervalsafter the injuries, with researchers using advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques.
— New York Times (Nov 30, 2012)
50.      intervene
get involved, so as to alter or hinder an action
Meanwhile, financial markets remain focused on how the European Central Bank might actually go about intervening in government bond markets.
— New York Times (Aug 20, 2012)
51.      intrinsic
belonging to a thing by its very nature
Roughly speaking, some Christian thinkers believe animals have intrinsicrights to be treated well, like people.
— New York Times (Oct 15, 2011)
52.      investigate
conduct an inquiry of
Police detectives are investigating several thefts in at least two precincts that appear to include the same suspects, said Sgt.
— New York Times (Jan 12, 2013)
53.      invoke
cite as an authority
Yet the concepts invoked are often abstract, requiring reflection and explanation.
— New York Times (Dec 13, 2012)
54.      involve
contain as a part
Another United States Attorney’s office could reopen that investigation, several lawyers involved in the case said, although that is unlikely.
— New York Times (Jan 13, 2013)
55.      isolate
place or set apart
That damage would have been reduced by about two-thirds if controllers in Houston isolated the rupture as soon as problems emerged, investigators said.
— New York Times (Jan 3, 2013)
56.      issue
some situation or event that is thought about

The big issues that Nokia faces, he said, are “managing efficiently, building great products and changing the way we operate.
— New York Times (Jan 11, 2013)
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