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Types of Charts
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Purposes
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Design Best Practices
for … Charts
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1) Column
Biểu đồ cột
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A column chart is used to show a comparison among different
items, or it can show a comparison of items over time.
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You could use this format to see the revenue per landing
page or customers by close date.
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Use consistent colors throughout the chart, selecting
accent colors to highlight meaningful data points or changes over time.
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Use horizontal labels to improve readability.
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Start the y-axis at 0 to appropriately reflect the
values in your graph.
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2) Bar
Biểu
đồ thanh (ngang)
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A bar chart, basically a horizontal column chart,
should be used to avoid clutter when one data label is long or if you have
more than 10 items to compare.
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This type of visualization can also be used to display
negative numbers.
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Use consistent colors throughout the chart, selecting
accent colors to highlight meaningful data points or changes over time.
·
Use horizontal labels to improve readability.
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Start the y-axis at 0 to appropriately reflect the
values in your graph.
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3) Line
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A line chart reveals trends or progress over time and can
be used to show many different categories of data.
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You should use it when you chart a continuous data set.
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Use solid lines only.
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Don't plot more than four lines to avoid visual
distractions.
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Use the right height so the lines take up roughly 2/3
of the y-axis' height.
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4) Dual Axis
Biểu đồ lưỡng trục (2 trục tung)
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A dual axis chart allows you to plot data
using two y-axes and a shared x-axis. It's used with three data sets,
one of which is based on a continuous set of data and another which is better
suited to being grouped by category.
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This should be used to visualize a correlation or the lack
thereof between these three data sets.
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Use the y-axis on the left side for the primary
variable because brains are naturally inclined to look left first.
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Use different graphing styles to illustrate the two
data sets, as illustrated above.
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Choose contrasting colors for the two data sets.
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5) Area
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An area chart is basically a line chart, but the space
between the x-axis and the line is filled with a color or pattern.
It is useful for showing part-to-whole relations, such as showing individual
sales reps' contribution to total sales for a year.
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It helps you analyze both overall and individual trend
information.
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Use transparent colors so information isn't obscured
in the background.
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Don't display more than four categories to avoid clutter.
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Organize highly variable data at the top of the chart to make
it easy to read.
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6) Stacked Bar
Biểu đồ trụ (xếp chồng)
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This should be used to compare many different items and
show the composition of each item being compared.
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Best used to illustrate part-to-whole relationships.
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Use contrasting colors for greater clarity.
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Make chart scale large enough to view group sizes in
relation to one another.
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7) Pie
Biểu đồ bánh
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A pie chart shows a static number and how categories
represent part of a whole -- the composition of something.
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A pie chart represents numbers in percentages, and the
total sum of all segments needs to equal 100%.
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Don't illustrate too many categories to ensure
differentiation between slices.
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Ensure that the slice values add up to 100%.
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Order slices according to their size.
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8) Scatter Plot
Biểu đồ điểm phân tán
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A scatter chart will show the relationship between two
different variables or it can reveal the distribution trends. It should be
used when there are many different data points, and you want to highlight
similarities in the data set.
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This is useful when looking for outliers or for
understanding the distribution of your data.
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Include more variables, such as different sizes, to
incorporate more data.
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Start y-axis at 0 to represent data accurately.
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If you use trend lines, only use a maximum of two to
make your plot easy to understand.
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9) Bubble
Biểu đồ bong bóng
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A bubble chart is similar to a scatter plot in that it can
show distribution or relationship.
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There is a third data set, which is
indicated by the size of the bubble or circle.
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Scale bubbles according to area, not diameter.
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Make sure labels are clear and visible.
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Use circular shapes only.
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10) Waterfall
Biểu đồ thác nước
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A waterfall chart should be used to show how an initial
value is affected by intermediate values -- either positive or
negative -- and resulted in a final value.
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This should be used to reveal the composition of a number.
An example of this would be to showcase how overall company revenue is
influenced by different departments and leads to a specific profit
number.
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Use contrasting colors to highlight differences in
data sets.
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Choose warm colors to indicate increases and cool colors to
indicate decreases.
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11) Funnel
Biểu đồ phễu
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A funnel chart shows a series of steps and the completion
rate for each step.
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This can be used to track the sales process or the
conversion rate across a series of pages or steps.
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Scale the size of each section to accurately reflect
the size of the data set.
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Use contrasting colors or one color in
gradating hues, from darkest to lightest as the size of the funnel decreases.
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12) Bullet
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A bullet graph reveals progress toward a goal, compares
this to another measure, and provides context in the form of a rating or
performance.
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Use contrasting colors to highlight how the
data is progressing.
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Use one color in different shades to gauge progress.
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13) Heat Map
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A heat map shows the relationship between two items
and provides rating information, such as high to low or poor to excellent.
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The rating information is displayed using varying colors or
saturation.
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Use a basic and clear map outline to avoid
distracting from the data.
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Use a single color in varying shades to show changes
in data.
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Avoid using multiple patterns.
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Different Types of Charts for Analyzing & Presenting Data
Các dạng biểu đồ trong phân tích và thuyết trình dữ liệu:
(Source: Modification from https://blog.hubspot.com)
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